WELCOME TO GOLDSMITHWORKS EBAY STOREFRONT. GOLDSMITHWORKS AND MILITARY WATCH BOX, WITH A BEAUTIFUL STUDIO AND GALLERY LOCATED IN SUWANEE GA ARE STATE LICENSED PRECIOUS METAL DEALERS, JEWELERS, GOLDSMITH AND WATCHMAKERS, AND ARE IN$URED THROUGH JEWELERS MUTUAL. WE ARE A MEMBER OF JEWELERS OF AMERICA, THE SOCIETY OF NORTH AMERICAN GOLDSMITHS,POLYGON, THE DIAMOND NETWORK AND HOLD A MEMBERSHIP IN THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WATCH AND CLOCK COLLECTORS. OUR TOLL FREE NUMBER IS 800-438-6894

01-08-2013

ROCK IS PREPARING THIS NEW DESIGN 21 X 17 X 3 BLACK FINISH HEAVY DUTY OPEN FROM FRONT WITH MAGNETIC CLOSURE CIVIL WAR MILITARYWATCHBOX. IT WILL BE STUNNING. DID YOU SEE THE WWII BUGS BUNNY MILITARY WATCH BOX? TAKE A LOOK-SEE THIS IS THE ULTIMATE BOX! OR THE SMALLER FRANK BUCK MILITARYWATCHBOX

UNITED STATES
OF
AMERICA

CIVIL WAR
MILITARYWATCHBOX™

FEATURING
1861-1864
CONFEDERATE STATES
OF
AMERICA

C.S.N.
[ C.S. NAVY ]
BAROMETER
AND
U.S.A. & C.S.A.
CIVIL WAR
MEMORABILIA

PLUS

FREE PROFESSIONAL ONLINE APPRAISAL

65.00 USA INSURANCE WITH SIGNATURE SHIPPING

145.00  FEDEX  INTERNATIONAL
INSURED W/SIGNATURE

FREE USA
800 438 6894
TOLL FREE SUPPORT

TUES-SAT

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PLEASE WRITE OR CALL 800 438 6894 IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS

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THIS OFFER CONTAINS AN IMMENSE AMOUNT OF INFORMATION DUE TO THE FACT WE ARE COVERING A CONFEDERATE NAVAL INSTRUMENT DATING TO 1864; THE US CIVIL WAR; PRESIDENT LINCOLN; THE HISTORY OF THE US NAVY; THE HISTORY OF THE CONFEDERATE NAVY; AND OTHER LIKE FACTS, WITH THIS IS MIND, REMEMBER THAT ALL INFORMATION AND PICTURES WILL BE, AND ARE, A PART OF THIS OFFER AND WILL BE PLACED IN YOUR ONLINE APPRAISAL SO YOU MAY DOWNLOAD THIS INFORMATION . THIS IS IMPORTANT IF YOU EVER CHOSE TO SELL OR BEQUEATH THIS US CIVIL WAR MILITARY WATCH BOX. SO BEAR WITH ME AS I BEGIN YOUR JOURNEY:

table of pneumatics 1728 cyclopedias
public domain

SCIENTISTS BUILT INSTRUMENTS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY SINCE THE DAYS OF ANCIENT GREECE. BY THE 1800’S, WHEN EVER A NEW INSTRUMENT THAT WORKED AND HAD A PURPOSE, IT WAS HAILED AS MUCH AS THE I PHONE IS TODAY. ONE INSTRUMENT THAT WOULD PROVE ITS VALUE AND BECOME THE COMPUTER OF THE MID TO LATE 1800’S WAS THE BAROMETER.,.

[NOTE: THE BAROMETER WOULD CONTINUE TO BE IMPORTANT UNTIL COMPUTER   TOOK OVER]

MID TO LATE 1800 BAROMETER ADVERTISEMENT
MOST EARLY BAROMETERS WERE MADE IN FRANCE WITH ENGLISH DIALS

Barometer – Pronunciation: [b u rom´ u t u r] – a barometer is an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. Two common types are the aneroid barometer and the mercurial barometer (invented first). Evangelista Torricelli invented the first barometer, known as the “Torricelli’s tube”. Barometers measure air pressure and were used for measuring altitude, or height above and below ground, such as the height of a mountain, the altitude aboard a hot air balloon or the depth of a mine. By the late 1800’s, the barometer was as popular, as the computer is today. Competition for market share was meant that the finest cabinet and clock makers devoted their talents to providing the best barometers.

Evangelista Torricelli is  credited with inventing the barometer in 1643

Although historical documentation suggest Italian mathematician and astronomer Gasparo Berti unintentionally built a water barometer between 1640 and 1643 and French scientist and philosopher René Descartes described an experiment to determine atmospheric pressure in 1631, there is no evidence that anyone built a working barometer until   Evangelista Torricelli invented a and built a barometer in 1643.

Evangelista Torricelli was born October 15, 1608, in Faenza, Italy and died October 22, 1647 in Florence, Italy. He was a physicist and mathematician. In 1641, Evangelista Torricelli moved to Florence to assist the astronomer Galileo. It was Galileo that suggested Evangelista Torricelli use mercury in his vacuum experiments. Torricelli filled a four-foot long glass tube with mercury and inverted the tube into a dish. Some of the mercury did not escape from the tube and Torricelli observed the vacuum that was created. Thus Evangelista Torricelli became the first scientist to create a sustained vacuum and to discover the principle of a barometer. Torricelli realized that the variation of the height of the mercury from day to day was caused by changes in the atmospheric pressure. Torricelli built the first mercury barometer . Evangelista Torricelli also wrote on the quadrature of the cycloid and conics, the rectifications of the logarithmic spiral, the theory of the barometer, the value of gravity found by observing the motion of two weights connected by a string passing over a fixed pulley, the theory of projectiles and the motion of fluids.

Lucien Vidie – Aneroid Barometer
1843
THE LINK BELOW  IS TO AN 1850
BAROMETER WITH SIMILAR STEM PRICE AT $590.00
Diameter 4¾ + ringDate C. 1850 Price: $590.00

An Aneroid Barometer, invented in 1843 by French scientist Lucien Vidie uses a small, flexible metal box called an aneroid cell (capsule), which is made from an alloy of beryllium and copper The evacuated capsule (or usually more capsules) is prevented from collapsing by a strong spring. Small changes in external air pressure cause the cell to expand or contract. This expansion and contraction drives mechanical levers such that the tiny movements of the capsule are amplified and displayed on the face of the aneroid barometer. Many models include a manually set needle which is used to mark the current measurement so a change can be seen. In addition, the mechanism is made deliberately “stiff” so that tapping the barometer reveals whether the pressure is rising or falling as the pointer moves.

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PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLN
February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865

Self-educated, Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 to a poor family on the western frontier . He would eventually became a country lawyer, a Whig Party leader in the Illinois state legislator and served as a Captain in the Illinois Militia during the Black Hawk War during the 1830s, and, in the   1840s, a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives. Abraham Lincoln stood on sound principles which included the ending slavery and the promotion of economic and financial modernization.

In 1858,  Lincoln, a moderate from a swing state, with his eye on a Senate seat, was involved in a series of debates that provided national visibility to his opposition to the expansion of slavery. Though the times were right, and many in the north and south heard the call, Lincoln lost the Senate race to his arch-rival, Stephen A. Douglas.

LINCOLN:
“A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved—I do not expect the house to fall—but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.”

Two years later, in 1860, Lincoln secured the Republican Party presidential nomination . With almost no support in the South, Lincoln swept the North and was elected president. His election was the final self-perceived indignity of the south, seven southern slave states  declared their secession from the Union and formed the Confederacy. While the departure of the Southerners offered Lincoln’s party firm control of Congress, no compromise or reconciliation was possible. No one truly realized what was to come -nor that President Lincoln would successfully lead his country through what would be its greatest constitutional, military, and moral crisis to preserve “THE UNION”.

LINCOLN:
“Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the Nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.”

White House copy of the lost 1868 painting. Sherman, Grant, Lincoln, and
Porter aboard the River Queen on March 27th & March 28th, 1865.

LINCOLN’S CIVIL WAR

On the 12th of April, 1861, the Confederate States of America [The South] declared war with the United States of America by attacking Fort Sumter. In response, the United States of America [The North] rallied behind the National Flag as President Lincoln concentrated on the military and political ramifications of what was now a war effort. With the South officially in a state of insurrection, and thousands of powerful, influential and wealthy individuals who had yet to “join sides” or “Show their colors”, President Lincoln immediately exercised his authority to suspend habeas corpus, arresting and temporarily detaining thousands of suspected secessionists without trial.

President Lincoln had to perform a balancing act as he waded through defections of officers and politicians and business men and, most of all, foreign nations who saw the events unfolding as a means of gaining an upper hand. President Lincoln averted British recognition of the Confederacy by skillfully handling the Trent affair in late 1861:

Known as the Mason and Slidell Affair occurred during the American Civil War. The USS San Jacinto, commanded by Union Captain Charles Wilkes, intercepted the British mail packet RMS Trent and removed, as contraband of war, two Confederate diplomats, James Mason and John Slidell who were bound for Great Britain and France to press the Confederacy’s case for diplomatic recognition in Europe. Initial reaction was to rally threaten the British with  war; but President Abraham Lincoln did not want to risk war. The British government demanded an apology & release of the prisoners After several weeks of war talk , the Lincoln administration released the envoys and disavowed Captain Wilkes’s actions. No formal apology was issued. Mason and Slidell resumed their voyage to Britain but failed in their goal of achieving diplomatic recognition.

President Lincoln’ efforts toward the abolition of slavery include issuing his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, encouraging the border states to outlaw slavery, and helping push through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which finally freed all the slaves nationwide in December 1865.

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LINCOLN
Gettysburg Address
November 19, 1863

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

President Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of top generals, like Ulysses S. Grant; brought leaders of the major factions into his cabinet;  set up a naval blockade ending the South’s trade, took control of the border slave states;gained control of communications with gunboats on the southern river systems; repeatedly attacked the Confederate capital at Richmond until finally Grant succeeded in 1865.

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ITEM ONE
SIGNED 1863/64
STARS & STRIPES
TOP HAT
CAMPAIGN PIN

21MM / .89 INCH XCROSS TOP
37.9 MM /  1.4 INCHES XCROSS BOTTOM
27 MM / 1.07 INCHES CENTER BOTTOM TO TOP

NOTE ROCK PURCHASED A TON OF CIVIL WAR ITEMS IN 1990
HE ACTUALLY PLACED LITTLE VALUE ON THEM AND ACTUALLY WORE A FEW
ITEMS THAT ARE NOW IN THIS OFFER INCLUDING THIS 1863 ELECTION PIN
ON HIS LEATHER BIKERS VEST FOR OVER20 YEARS. IN FACT,
ON SUNDAY JAN 6, 2012 HE RAN OVER TO THE SHOP AND
PULLED THIS PIECE AND THE BULLET YOU WILL SEE
FURTHER ON DOWN!

GREAT CLOSE UP!

NOTHING BUT THREE HOLES REMAIN!

THIS 1863 ELECTION/CAMPAIGN PIN
IS IN GREAT CONDITION EVEN THOUGH
IT SAW LOT OF WEATHER

This Top Hat Pin is two piece. The Top Hat is composed of brass and finished in enamel. The second piece is a mounted brass hinged Pin that allows the Pin to move without constant bending and attaches into a 1800’s flattened C clasp; the part of the clasp that holds the pin in place formed in the shape of a C.

Though Broaches and other similar items made after 1900 can be discovered with this same design, the c clasp was mostly replaced by the LOCKING C clasp. The locking C clasp, invented around 1900, used a locking mechanism to keep the pin from falling away.

CANNOT MAKE OUT WHAT LOOKS TO BE A SIGNATURE IN SCRIPT
BUT IT IS CLEARLY DATED 1863  AND NEW YORK
THERE IS OTHER NUMERAL CODING INCLUDING “122”

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An exceptionally astute politician , President Lincoln reached out to War Democrats and managed his own 1864  re-election campaign. A leader of the moderate faction, Lincoln’ policies and personality were “blasted from all sides”: Radicals Republicans demanded harsher treatment of the South, War Democrats compromise, Copperheads despised him, secessionists plotted his death.

President Lincoln fought back with patronage, pitting his opponents against each other while appealing to the American people with oratory. His Gettysburg Address became the most quoted speech in American history. At the close of the war, seeking to quickly reunite the nation, Lincoln believed in a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness.

Six days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee, President  Lincoln was assassinated by Confederate sympathizers [ John Wilkes Booth]. Lincoln has been consistently ranked by scholars and the public as one of the three greatest U.S. presidents, the others being George Washington and Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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ITEM TWO
SIGNED CSN 1864
Aneroid Barometer

THIS BAROMETER HAS AN
ORIGINAL BRASS OR BRASS ALLOY CASE
[OUR RESEARCH INDICATES IT WAS ORIGINALLY COATED WITH LACQUER]
ORIGINAL TURNING BEZEL
WITH POINTER

AND
ORIGINAL GLASS CRYSTAL
WITH CHIPS ON EDGES
THE CASE WAS NOT MACHINE BUFFED
WE USED A POLISHING CLOTH TO LIGHTLY
REMOVE SOME OXIDATION
THIS DOES NOT EFFECT THE VALUE
IN FACT THERE ARE SEVERAL BAROMETER RESTORATION FIRMS
THEY COAT THE CASE WITH LACQUER
OUR CLEANING WAS TO INSURE INTEGRITY OF THE CASE
WE ARE NOT GOING TO RE-LACQUER IT
SO, EVEN IN THE 21 X 17 X 3 INCH CASE
THE BRASS WILL ONCE AGAIN
GROW ITS COAT OF OXIDATION

THE CASE IS IN GREAT CONDITION
THE STEM AND TOP PIECE HAVE
NOTHING TO DO WITH MECHANICAL OPERATION

IT LOOKS AS IF YOU COULD USE IT TO
MOUNT THIS RATHER LARGE BAROMETER

THE ORIGINAL FINISHED WHITE PORCELAIN DIAL
HAS SOME MINOR EDGE REPAIRS

SIGNED CONFEDERATE STATES

THE HOLE IS A MEANS TO ADJUST THE HAND

CASE IS 78MM /  3.09 INCHES INCLUDING CS STEM
CASE WITHOUT STEM 66MM /  2.6 INCHES
WIDTH IS 26.8MM / 1.02 INCHES

ORIGINAL PORCELAIN DIAL
YOU CAN SEE SOME HAIR LINES
THE OUTER EDGE IS WHERE
ROCK REPAIRED A FEW CHIPPED AREAS

WE PURCHASED ANOTHER BAROMETER FOR THE ANEROID CELL
[THE SILVER COLOR ANEROID CELL EXPANDING MECHANISM CENTER OF UNIT]

IT WAS IN BAD SHAPE BUT LOOKED SIMILAR
WHEN IT ARRIVED THE INTERNAL PARTS DATED LATER THAN 1864
AND WOULD NOT WORK UNLESS WE USED THE ENTIRE UNIT.

note:there may be a minute break/hole in side seam of
aneroid cell. the unit works a nd then stops working. but
the value is not altered by these facts due to its rarity.

THAT WOULD BE FINE EXCEPT FINDING A 1862-1864
SIGNED CONFEDERATE INSTRUMENT LIKE THIS
IS RARE IN ANY CONDITION & IS WORTH AT LEAST 1000.00

IT LOOKS LIKE THE ANEROID CELL WAS REPAIRED ONCE
THE EDGES HAS A 1862 DATE STAMP

note:there may be a minute break/hole in side seam of
aneroid cell. the unit works a nd then stops working. but
the value is not altered by these facts due to its rarity.

WE ADJUSTED AND LUBRICATED ALL THE PARTS
NOTE IT LOOKS LIKE ANOTHER PART IS DATED 1861

THE WAY IT WORKS IS
THE AIR IN THE SILVER COLOR ANEROID CELL  EXPANDS
AND CONTRACTS WITH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
WHEN IT EXPANDS IT PUSHES THE BLACK SPRING STEEL
WHICH LIFTS OR LOWERS THE BRASS ARM
WHICH PUSHES THE END PIECE
WHICH PULLS A BICYCLE STYLE CHAIN
AROUND THE CENTER SHAFT
MOVING THE DIAL HAND
A HAIR SPRING PULLS THE HAND
BACK AS PRESSURE CHANGES.

note:there may be a minute break/hole in side seam of
aneroid cell. the unit works a nd then stops working. but
the value is not altered by these facts due to its rarity.

THIS IS SIGNED UNDER THE MECHANISM

THE DIAL IS PORCELAIN TOP AND BACK
AND IS DATED IN THE PORCELAIN
VIRGINIA 1862 CSN

THERE IS A DATE ENGRAVED
ON THE  ANEROID CELL OF
1862

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CIVIL WAR
April 12, 1861 – May 9, 1865

The American Civil War, also known as the War between the States, or simply the Civil War, was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 between the United States (the “Union” or the “North”) and Southern states that had declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America (the “Confederacy” or the “South”). The war had its origin in the issue of slavery, and, after four years of bloody combat , the Confederacy was defeated and slavery abolished.

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USA STATES GREY
CSA STATES  GREEN  / CLAIMED STATES LIME

Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America (CSA), also known as the Confederacy, was a government set up from 1861 to 1865 by a number of Southern slave states that had declared their secession from the United States. The Confederacy recognized as members eleven states that had formally declared secession, two additional states with less formal declarations, and one new territory. The Confederacy was eventually defeated in the American Civil War against the Union. Secessionists argued that the United States Constitution was a compact among states, an agreement which each state could abandon without consultation. The United States government rejected secession as illegal. Following the Confederate attack at Fort Sumter, the Union used military action to defeat the Confederacy. No foreign nation officially recognized the Confederacy as an independent country,] but several did grant belligerent status.

The Confederate Constitution of seven state signatories—South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas—formed a “permanent federal government” in Montgomery, Alabama, in  February 1861. Four additional slave-holding states—Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina—declared their secession and joined the Confederacy following a call by U. S. President Abraham Lincoln for troops from each state to recapture Sumter and other lost federal properties in the South. Missouri and Kentucky were represented by partisan factions from those states.

Also aligned with the Confederacy were the “Five Civilized Tribes” and a new Confederate Territory of Arizona. Efforts to secede in Maryland were halted by martial law, while Delaware, though of divided loyalty, did not attempt it. A Unionist government in western parts of Virginia organized the new state of West Virginia which was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863. The Confederate government in Richmond, Virginia, had an uneasy relationship with its member states due to issues related to control of manpower, although the South mobilized nearly its entire white male population for war.

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ITEM THREE
CIVIL WAR NEWS

THE PHYSICAL DATING OF THIS
CSN BAROMETER
IS
1861 – 1864

THUS WE WERE ABLE TO CHOOSE
OUR THIRD ADDITION
TO THIS

U.S. CIVIL WAR
MILITARY WATCH BOX

BY LOCATING
AN ORIGINAL COPY
OF THE
U.S. ARMY NAVY JOURNAL
16 10 x 14.5 inches Pages

FOR
JUNE 25, 1864
[MID YEAR]

WHAT WOULD A CIVIL WAR BOX BE WITHOUT NEWS.
THAT IS PERIOD NEWS AS IT HAPPENED

THE FOLLOWING IS AN ORIGINAL ARMY NAVY JOURNAL
PUBLISHED JUNE 25TH, 1864. DETAILING THE CURRENT NEWS
CONCERNING THE CAMPAIGNS OF 3 GENERALS
AND THE ONGOING BATTLE IN VIRGINIA
WITH NEWS OF BOTH THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH
16 ORIGINAL PAGES WITH WOOD BLOCK PICTURES
WITH CASUALTIES AND ADVERTISEMENTS OFFERING
GUNS (WITH PICS) AND OTHER ITEMS DEMONSTRATING
THAT PEOPLE CONDUCTED THEIR LIVES LIKE WE DO TODAY
AT LEAST IN THE NORTH!.

THIS IS AN AWESOME KEEP SAKE
FANTASTIC FOR READING AND SHOWING.
DELIVERS THE FACTS WITH  THE NEWS OF THE WAR
AS IF YOU WERE THERE ON THAT 25TH OF JUNE IN 1864,

U.S.  ARMY NAVY JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISSUE #  44, JUNE 25, 1864 16 10 x 14.5 inches Pages
THE CAMPAIGN IN VIRGINIA GENERAL SHERIDAN’S OPERATIONS GENERAL SHERMAN’S OPERATIONS GENERAL HUNTER’S OPERATIONS CASUALTIES, OTHER WAR NEWS PLUS ADVERTISEMENTS

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United States Naval Academy

The *United States Naval Academy (also known as USNA, Annapolis, or Navy) is a four-year Federal service academy located in Annapolis, Maryland, United States. Annapolis was founded as the Naval School in 1845 by Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft. The campus was established at Annapolis on the grounds of the former U.S. Army post Fort Severn. The school opened on 10 October with 50 midshipmen students and seven professors. The decision to establish an academy on land may have been in part a result of the Somers Affair, an alleged mutiny involving the Secretary of War’s son that resulted in his execution at sea. Commodore Matthew Perry had a considerable interest in naval education, supporting an apprentice system to train new seamen, and helped establish the curriculum for the United States Naval Academy. He was also a vocal proponent of modernization of the navy.

George Bancroft

Originally a course of study for five years was prescribed. Only the first and last were spent at the school with the other three being passed at sea. The present name was adopted when the school was reorganized in 1850 and placed under the supervision of the chief of the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography. Under the immediate charge of the superintendent, the course of study was extended to seven years with the first two and the last two to be spent at the school and the intervening three years at sea. The four years of study were made consecutive in 1851 and practice cruises were substituted for the three consecutive years at sea. The first class of naval academy students graduated on 10 June 1854.

In 1860, the Tripoli Monument was moved to the academy grounds. Later that year in August, the model of the USS Somers experiment was resurrected when the USS Constitution, now 60 years old, was pulled out of ordinary and refurbished as a school ship for the fourth-class midshipmen. She was anchored at the yard, and the plebes lived on board the ship to immediately introduce them to shipboard life and experiences

U.S. Naval Academy in 1853

The Civil War was disruptive to the naval academy. Southern sympathy ran high in Maryland. Although riots broke out, Maryland did not declare secession. The United States government planned to move the school, when the sudden outbreak of hostilities forced a quick departure. Almost immediately the three upper classes were detached and ordered to sea, and the remaining elements of the academy were transported to Fort Adams, Newport, Rhode Island by the USS Constitution in April 1861 and setup in temporary facilities and opened there in May.

LOSS OF USN PERSONAL TO THE CSN

The United States Navy was stressed by the situation as 24% of its officers resigned and joined the Confederate States Navy, including 95 graduates and 59 midshipmen, as well as many key leaders involved with the founding and establishment of USNA.

The first Superintendent, Admiral Franklin Buchanan, joined the Confederate States Navy as its first and primary admiral.

Captain Sidney Smith Lee, the second commandant of midshipmen, and older brother of Robert E. Lee, left Federal service in 1861 for the Confederate States Navy.

Lieutenant William Harwar Parker,CSN, class of 1848, and instructor at USNA, joined the Virginia State Navy, and then went on to become the superintendent of the Confederate States Naval Academy.

Lieutenant Charles “Savez” Read may have been “anchor man” (graduated last) in the class of 1860, but his later service to the Confederate States Navy included defending New Orleans, service on CSS Arkansas and CSS Florida, and command of a series of captured Union ships that culminated in seizing the US Revenue Cutter Caleb Cushing in Portland, Maine.

Lieutenant James Iredell Waddell, CSN, a former instructor at the US Naval Academy commanded the CSS Shenandoah.

The first superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory who advocated the creation of the United States Naval Academy, after whom Maury Hall is named, similarly served in the Confederate States Navy.

Civil War hero Admiral David Dixon Porter became superintendent when the midshipmen and faculty returned to Annapolis just after the war ended in the summer of 1865.

*The entire campus is a National Historic Landmark and home to many historic sites, buildings, and monuments.

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ITEM FOUR
CIVIL WAR NAVY
MEDAL & RIBBON

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CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA NAVY

The Confederate States Navy (CSN) was the naval branch of the Confederate States armed forces, established by an act of the Confederate Congress on February 21, 1861. It was responsible for Confederate naval operations during the American Civil War. The three major tasks of the Confederate Navy during the whole of its existence were the protection of Southern harbors and coastlines from outside invasion, making the war costly for the United States by attacking U.S. merchant ships world-wide and breaking the Union Blockade by drawing off U.S. Navy ships in pursuit of the Confederate raiders.

The C. S. Navy could never achieve equality with the Union Navy, so it used technological innovation, such as ironclads, submarines, torpedo boats, and naval mines (then known as torpedoes) to gain advantage.

In February 1861 the Confederate Navy had thirty ships, only fourteen of which were seaworthy, while the Union Navy had ninety vessels; the C. S. Navy eventually grew to 101 ships to meet the rise in naval conflicts and enemy threats.

On April 20, 1861 the Union was forced to quickly abandon the important Gosport Navy Yard. In doing so they failed to effectively burn the facility, its supply and arms depots, or in-port ships. As a result the Confederacy captured much needed war materials and ordnance. Of most importance the South gained the shipyard’s dry docks, sorely needed to build new warships. (The Confederacy’s other major navy yard was in Pensacola, Florida). Ships left at the Norfolk shipyard included a screw frigate named USS Merrimack.

CSS Virginia

It was C. S. Navy Secretary Stephen Mallory’s idea to raise the partially burned Merrimack and heavily armor the ship’s newly rebuilt upper works with thick oak planking and two courses of heavy iron plate, turning it into a new kind of warship: an all-steam powered “iron clad”. The new ship, after being converted to an ironclad ram, was christened CSS Virginia and in 1862  SHE aggressively attacked and nearly broke the Union Navy’s sea blockade of wooden warships, and then,  on the second day, proving the effectiveness of the ironclad warship, she fought USS Monitor in the Battle of Hampton Roads,  to a draw. This event came to symbolize the end of the dominance of large wooden sailing warships and the beginning of the age of iron and the ironclad warship^.

Between the beginning of the war and the end of 1861, 373 commissioned officers, warrant officers, and midshipmen had resigned or been dismissed